The Yezidis and Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Researcher, the Center for Religious Studies

Abstract

Yezidis and Ahl-e Haqq of Kurdistan are two sects who live in the west of Iran and Iraq. Such elements as Ahura Mazda, AmeshaSepanta, Kasti and Sudra  as well as the kind of religious rites and festivals involved in these two sects have lead the researchers of religion to regard them as Zoroastrian. These two sects have striking similarities with the ancient Iranian thoughts and beliefs; they have been profoundly influenced by Islam as well, the Yezidis by Sunnism and the Ahl-e Haqq by Shiism. The thoughts and beliefs of these two sects have been mainly orally transmitted; that is why we didn't have enough and accurate information about their thoughts and beliefs until recently. Ultimately, however, scholars obtained detailed information about these sects and translated their books from Kurdish into different languages, causing the academic study of their thoughts and beliefs to catch on. The present article is written by a German scholar of Iranian studies, Philip G. Kreyenbroek, whose papers and books have been acknowledged as guides and reference books used in researches.
 

Keywords


Boyce, M. and F. Grenet (1991), A History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. III, Leiden.
___________ (1977), A persian Stronghold of Zoroastrianism, Oxford.
Elahi, B. (1987), A Path of Perfection: The Spiritnal Teachings of Master Nur Ali, London.
Guest, J. S. (1993), Survival among the Kurds: a Histooy of the Yezidis, London and New York.
Hamzh’ee, M. R. (1990), The Yaresan: a Sociological Historical and Religio-historical Study of Kurdish Community, Berlin.
Ivanow, W. (1953), The truth–worshippers of kurdistan: Ahl-i-Hagg Texts, Leiden.
Jelil, O. and J. Jelil (1978), Kurdskij folklor, II, Moscow.
Kerenbroek, P. G. (1985), Sraosha in the Zoroastrian tradition.
___________ (1994), "on the Concept of Spiritual authority in Zoroastrianism" Jerusalem studies in Arabic and Islam, 17.
Kotwal, F. M. and J.W Boyd (1991), A persian offering: The Yasna: Zoroastrian High Litugy, Paris.
Kreyenbroek, P. G. (1992), "Mithra and Ahreman, Binyamin and Malak Tawus: Traces of an Ancient Myth in the Cosmogonies of Two Modern Sects" in: P. H.Gignouxed, Recurrent patterns in Iranian Religions: from Mazdaism to Sufism, Paris.
___________ and F. C. Allison (1996), "among the Ahl-e Haqq" in kurdish culture and Identity, London.
___________ (1994a), "Mithra and Ahreman in Iranian Cosmogonies", in: J. R. Hinnells (ed.), Studies in Mithraism, Rome.
___________ (1994b), "on spent a Mainyu's Role in the Zotoastrian Cosmogony", in: C.Altman Bromberg (ed.), Iranian studies in Honour of A. D. H. Bivar, Bloom field Hills.
___________ (1994c), Yezidism, its Background, observances and Textual Tradition, Lewiston, N.Y.
Mir-Hosseini, Z. (1994), "Inner Truth and outer History: the two words of the Ahl-i Haqq of kurdistan", International Journal of Middle Eastern studies, 16.
___________ (1995), ''faith, Ritual and culture among the Ahl-e Haqq" in: P.G. kreyen broek and F.C. Allison, kurdish culture and Identity, London.
Sileman, kh. and kh. Jindi (1979), Ezdiyati: Liber Rosnaya Hindek Teksted Ainiye Ezdiyan (Yezidism: in the light of some Religious Texts of the Yezidis), Baghdad.