گفت‌وگوی انتقادی بین الاهیات و روان‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشجوی دکتری دین پژوهی دانشگاه ادیان و مذاهب

چکیده

این مقاله ابتدا دورنمایی تاریخی از رابطه دین و روان‌شناسی در قرن بیستم به دست می‌دهد و سپس به تعریف دین، معنویت و الاهیات می‌پردازد. آنگاه با تمرکز بر رویکرد جدید یکی از الاهی‌دانان کاتولیک، و توصیف اجمالی مدل الاهیاتی او با عنوان «الاهیات بنیادی»، می‌کوشد با استفاده از مدلی شناختی در روان‌شناسی، پدیدارهای افسردگی ناشی از معرفت الاهیاتی را شناسایی کرده، درمان چنین افسردگی‌ای را تسهیل کند. نویسنده در ثلث پایانی این مقاله ضمن استفاده از تعریف‌های سنتی از الاهیات، به درمانگران می‌آموزد که چگونه الاهیات را به مثابه محتوای شناختی در نظر بگیرند و با آوردن این محتوا از سطح اندیشه‌های خودبه‌خودیِ درمانجو به سطح آگاهی او، امکان اصلاح محتوای شناختی را فراهم آورند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Allport, G. (1950). The Individual and His Religion, New York: Macmillan.
American Psychological Association (1992). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, Washington, DC: APA.
American Psychological Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.), Washington, DC: APA.
Arveson, K. (1992). Who is Studying Religion? An Analysis of Religious Variables in Psychology Dissertations 1983–1987, Doctoral dissertation, Loyola College, Baltimore, MD.
Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression, New York: Guilford.
Beit-Hallahmi, B. (1977). "Curiosity, Doubt, and Devotion: The Beliefs of Psychologists and the Psychology of Religion", in: H. N. Malony (Ed.), Current Perspectives in the Psychology of Religion, Grand Rapids, MI: Erdmans, pp. 381–91.
Browning, D. (1987). Religious Thought and the Modern Psychologies, Philadelphia, PA: Fortress.
Ciarrocchi, J. (1993). A Minister’s Handbook of Mental Disorders, Mahwah, NJ: Paulist.
Donahue, M. (1989). "Disregarding Theology in the Psychology of Religion: Some Examples", Journal of Psychology and Theology, 17 (4), pp. 329–35.
Freud, S. (1918). Totem and Taboo (A.A. Brill, Trans.), New York: Moffat, Yard.
Freud, S. (1928). The Future of an Illusion (W.D. Robson-Scott, Trans.), London, UK: Hogarth.
Freud, S. (1939). Moses and Monotheism (K. Jones, Trans.), New York: Vintage.
Goldsmith, W.M. (1989). "Through a Glass Darkly, but Face to Face: Comments on Psychology and Theology Eyeing One Another" Journal of Psychology and Theology, 17 (4), pp. 385–93.
Gorsuch, R. (1984). "Measurement: The Boon and Bane of Investigating Religion," in: American Psychologist, 39 (3), pp. 228–36.
Gorsuch, R. (1988). "The Psychology of Religion," in: Annual Review of Psychology, 39, pp. 201–11.
Gorsuch, R. (1990). "Measurement in the Psychology of Religion Revisited," in: Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 9 (2), pp. 82–89
Greene, G. (1975). The End of the Affair, London: Penguin, (Original work published in 1951)
Hall, T., Tisdale, T., & Brokaw, B. (1994). "Assessment of Religious Dimensions in Christian Clients: A Review of Selected Instruments for Research and Clinical Use," in: Journal of Psychology and Theology, 22 (4), pp. 395–421.
Hood, R. W., Jr. (1989). "The Relevance of Theologies for Religious Experiencing," in: Journal of Psychology and Theology, 17, pp. 326–42.
Hood, R.W., Jr., Spilka, B., Hunsberger, B., & Gorsuch, R. (1996). The psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
James, W. (1961). The Varieties of Religious Experience, New York: New American Library, (Original work published in 1902)
Miller, W. R., & Martin, J. E. (Eds.) (1988). Behavior Therapy and Religion, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Norager, T. (1996). "Metapsychology and Discourse: A Note on Some Neglected Issues in the Psychology of Religion," in: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 6 (3), pp. 139–49.
Pargament, K. I. (1997). "The Psychology of Religion and Spirituality? Yes and No," in: Psychology of Religion Newsletter, 22 (3), pp. 1–9.
Pascal, B. (1995). Pensées, New York: Penguin (Original work published in 1670)
Propst, L. R., Ostrom, R., Watkins, P., Dean, T., & Mashburn, D. (1992). "Comparative Efficacy of Religious and Nonreligious Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Clinical Depression in Religious Individuals," in: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60, pp. 94–103.
Rennick, Paul J. (1997). In Search of the Religious Imagination: An Empirical Study of David Tracy’s Theory of the Analogical Imagination, Doctoral dissertation, Loyola College, Baltimore, MD.
Schultz, D. (1969). A History of Modern Psychology, New York: Academic.
Smith, H. (2001). Why Religion Matters, Toronto, ON: HarperCollins.
Tracy, D. (1975). Blessed Rage for Order, New York: Seabury.
Tracy, D. (1981). The Analogical Imagination, New York: Crossroad.
Van Wicklin, J. F. (1990). "Conceiving and Measuring Ways of Being Religious," in: Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 9 (2), pp. 27–40.
Wulff, D. (1996). "Betwixt the Object and the Eye of the Beholder: Thoughts on Making the Psychology of Religion More Interesting," in: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 6 (3), pp. 151–57.